The 225-issue Nikkei Stock Average finished up 595.21 points, or 2.22 percent, from Tuesday at 27,460.4.
The broader Topix index of all First Section issues on the Tokyo Stock Exchange ended 31.93 points, or 1.67 percent, higher at 1,946.63.
Every industry category gained ground except for mining, and oil and coal product issues. Major gainers included rubber product, marine transportation and air transportation issues.
Market participants snapped up a broad range of stocks from the beginning following the Nikkei's loss of about 3 percent over the past two trading sessions.
The index increased after concerns over the impact of a possible invasion of Ukraine on the global economy eased as Moscow said it was pulling back some troops, brokers said.
"While the Ukraine issue is not resolved, the announcement by Russia lifted investor sentiment," said Makoto Sengoku, senior equity market analyst at the Tokai Tokyo Research Institute.
"Even though Japanese company earnings released recently were mostly positive, concerns over Ukraine and rising inflation (in the United States) had made it difficult for market participants to buy shares," he added.
However, brokers said investors will still focus on the situation in the Eastern European nation despite a certain relief, as its outlook remains unclear.
U.S. President Joe Biden said Tuesday his government has "not yet verified" information about Russia's troop withdrawal near Ukraine.
Meanwhile, air transportation issues moved higher on expectations that Japan is possible to ease its border control policy, which has been criticized as being too strict, brokers said. ANA Holdings gained 3.6 percent, while Japan Airlines climbed 3.0 percent.
Japan is considering easing its restriction on the number of daily new entrants from abroad, which will rise to 5,000 next month from the current 3,500, according to a government source.
On the First Section, advancers outnumbered decliners 1,792 to 320, while 70 finished unchanged.
Denso went up 2.6 percent after the auto parts maker said Tuesday it will invest 350 million U.S. dollars in a joint chip production venture set up in Kumamoto Prefecture by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. and Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corp.
Tire maker Bridgestone surged 7.4 percent after Tuesday's releasing of an upbeat earnings report for the year ending December.
Trading volume on the main section dropped to 1,155.78 million shares from Tuesday's 1,343.90 million shares.
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